A facemask of egg white and honey gently removes the tan from your face. Mix oats with honey, yogurt and ground almonds. Apply this in your face, leave it for five minutes and wash with lukewarm water. Cucumber is a natural cleanser. Mix cucumber juice with milk and use it instead of a cleanser. For oily skin, apply a mixture of grapes, lemon and egg white. Leave it for 20 minutes and rinse with warm water. While lemon acts as a natural cleanser, grapes will soften your skin and egg whites will tighten it. Don’t be alarmed if your skin tingles. Cut the lemon and rub the wedge all over your face. Leave it for about 20 minutes, then rinse off with cold water. This will refresh your face. Avoid doing this if you have dry skin. Mix honey, lemon and vegetable oil .This mixture is a good moisturiser for dry skin. Apply this mask for 10 minutes. Apply the mixture of honey and milk on the face . This will make your skin glow. Prepare a mask by mixing a slice of pumpkin with egg yolk and milk. Let this mask set on your face for 30 minutes for a glowing skin. Mix half-a-cup honey to your bath water for soft and smooth skin. For a soothing body pack, prepare a paste of mint leaves and almonds. Mix it with warm water and apply all over your body. Leave it till it dries and rinse with warm water. Buttermilk dabbed on skin for 15 minutes will soak up oil from your skin without drying it. Carrot juice applied daily fades blemishes. For dark underarms and neck apply lemon juice mixed with cucumber juice and a pinch of turmeric daily. Leave this on for 20 minutes. For removing facial hair.. Apply a sticky paste of egg white blended with sugar and corn flour. When it dries, gently peel it off. Repeat this three to four times a week. Thin apple slices rubbed onto oily skin will help in controlling oily shine. For supple skin, apply a ripe smashed banana on your face for 20 minutes daily. Cauliflower juice applied on warts regularly will make them fall. For a fair skin, try this natural bleach. Mix orange peels (sun dried and powdered) with milk. Apply this paste for 25 minutes and wash off. Mix half teaspoon dried curry leaf powder with multani mitti (fullers earth) and apply on the face. Wash it after it gets dry. Apply the mixture of tomato juice and honey on the face and neck , wash it after 15 minutes. Apply the mixture of carrot juice and basin. Leave it till it dries and wash the face. Add two teaspoon of tomato juice with 4 teaspoon of curd and apply on the face. Add a pinch of yeast with 2 teaspoon of cabbage juice and apply. Mix 1 table spoon of barley powder with half teaspoon of lime juice and 1 teaspoon of honey. Apply it on the face and wash after 20 minutes. Mix pineapple juice and carrot juice together and apply it on the face and wash it after 15 minutes. Mix vinegar and rose water in equal quantities and apply. Mix curd and cucumber juice and apply it on the face. Apply the mixture of coconut water and thick pineapple juice. Make a paste with 1/2 teaspoon of milk powder, 1/4 teaspoon of egg white and 1/2 teaspoon of lemon juice and apply on the face. For dry skin, Make a paste with egg yolk, olive oil and lemon juice. Apply it on the neck and face, wash it out after 10 minutes. For oily skin, take a mixture of oatmeal and egg white and apply it on the neck and face For glowing skin, use basin or green gram powder mixed with milk instead of soap. Apply the mixture of raw turmeric and cream of milk on the face and wash it after 20 minutes. It will make your skin fair. Apply the mixture of honey, basin, cream of milk and olive oil as a face pack. Apply the paste of fenugreek with milk on the face and let it dry. Wash off with luke warm water. Make a paste of red sandal wood and apply it on the face every day for glowing skin. Make a paste with red sandal powder and coconut milk and apply on the face for soft skin. For Black Spots Make a paste with mehndi and oil and apply on the face Make a mixture of 1/2 teaspoon lemon juice and glycerin and apply it on the spots Apply the paste of turmeric and curry leaves on the face and wash it after 15 minutes. Apply a mixture of mehndi and turmeric. For a piece of turmeric, 2-3 leaves of mehndi are used Grind dried basil leaf, neem and mint (100 gm each). Add some turmeric powder and rose water to make it in a paste form and apply it on the spots. Grind betel leaf and add a little coconut oil and apply it on the spots Soak a chappathi in milk overnight . Make it into a paste and apply it on black heads. Repeat for several days Make a paste of saffron and add some honey , apply it on the face to remove black spots. To remove black spots… apply a paste of turmeric and basil. To remove wrinkles on the face, apply a mixture of sandalwood powder, rosewater and glycerin. Wash with cold water after some time. For pimples Apply a mixture of turmeric and neem on the face . Mix thick curd, turmeric and two drops of oil. Apply on the face. Make a paste with sandal wood and turmeric and apply it on the face.
Life with fixed routine can get bored. Everything is so mechanical. You up get in the morning get ready for the office and come back from the office, do the same stuff This sounds really boring right? So monotonous and humdrum life, there is no excitement daily maintaining your routine. How you can avoid this boredom life is to create something that would excite you. People without goal to achieve can be very boring so, have the zeal to do something in life. It can be anything; it could be just fulfilling your long cherished dream of going out or could be simply fulfilling your hobbies. It could be anything that you wish to do. The persuite of happiness lies totally on you. Every body is born with some talents and you can use that talent. No one is born with a blank mind. Go for something that inspires you. When you work on to it with single mind you are sure to accomplish and also you won’t realize when you have killed that boredom life. Aim to achieve something worth in life is worth living. Anything is possible if only you put your sincere efforts towards your goal. Apart from the above, there are other ways of killing boredom life. Call for a picnic with your friends and family members. Make it a shift wise. One day you take them out and next time they will entertain you. Gardening is also a good pass time. Try to create mini botanical garden around your home. People who don’t have space to grow flowers can find by keeping flower pots. Gardening is the most clean and refreshing hobby. The kind of happiness that flowers provide you can not be provided by anybody. They are so heavenly and charming. You can also read inspiring good books. It is also a good time pass. You get knowledge by reading.
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THE FRYING GLOBE
Burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and gasoline raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
You can help to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming, by using energy more wisely. Here are 10 simple actions you can take to help reduce global warming.
1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Do your part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminum cans. If there isn’t a recycling program at your workplace, school, or in your community, ask about starting one. By recycling half of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
2. Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning
Adding insulation to your walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home.
Turn down the heat while you’re sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting your thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.
Wherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will save you $30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs also last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat.
If every U.S. family replaced one regular light bulb with a CFL, it would eliminate 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases, the same as taking 7.5 million cars off the road.
Less driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of exercise. Explore your community mass transit system, and check out options for carpooling to work or school.
When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently. For example, keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your gas mileage by more than 3 percent. Every gallon of gas you save not only helps your budget, it also keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
5. Buy Energy-Efficient Products
When it’s time to buy a new car, choose one that offers good gas mileage. Home appliances now come in a range of energy-efficient models, and compact florescent bulbs are designed to provide more natural-looking light while using far less energy than standard light bulbs.
Avoid products that come with excess packaging, especially molded plastic and other packaging that can’t be recycled. If you reduce your household garbage by 10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
6. Use Less Hot Water
Set your water heater at 120 degrees to save energy, and wrap it in an insulating blanket if it is more than 5 years old. Buy low-flow showerheads to save hot water and about 350 pounds of carbon dioxide yearly. Wash your clothes in warm or cold water to reduce your use of hot water and the energy required to produce it. That change alone can save at least 500 pounds of carbon dioxide annually in most households. Use the energy-saving settings on your dishwasher and let the dishes air-dry.
7. Use the “Off” Switch
Save electricity and reduce global warming by turning off lights when you leave a room, and using only as much light as you need. And remember to turn off your television, video player, stereo and computer when you’re not using them.
It’s also a good idea to turn off the water when you’re not using it. While brushing your teeth, shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off the water until you actually need it for rinsing. You’ll reduce your water bill and help to conserve a vital resource.
8. Plant a Tree
If you have the means to plant a tree, start digging. During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. They are an integral part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle here on Earth, but there are too few of them to fully counter the increases in carbon dioxide caused by automobile traffic, manufacturing and other human activities. A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime.
9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility Company
Many utility companies provide free home energy audits to help consumers identify areas in their homes that may not be energy efficient. In addition, many utility companies offer rebate programs to help pay for the cost of energy-efficient upgrades.
10. Encourage Others to Conserve
Share information about recycling and energy conservation with your friends, neighbors and co-workers, and take opportunities to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment.
These 10 steps will take you a long way toward reducing your energy use and your monthly budget. And less energy use means less dependence on the fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.
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This video itself make us proud -to be an INDIAN.India Vision 2020 is the Master Plan to make India developed country by 2020.This idea was concieved by Former President of India Dr A P J Abdul Kalam.Our future depends not on what will happen to us,but on what we decide to become,and on the will to create it.We have to make further more drastic changes in every view points.Let me tell you some nodal points of Indian prosperity:
- PEACE, SECURITY & NATIONAL UNITY – Physical security both from external and internal threats—strong national defence, domestic law enforcement and social harmony.
- FOOD & NUTRITIONAL SECURITY – A vibrant, highly productive commercial farm sector that can ensure food & nutritional security, generate employment opportunities, stimulate industrialisation, and produce renewable energy from biomass and fuel crops.
- JOBS FOR ALL – A constitutional commitment to ensure the right of all citizens to a sustainable livelihood that will provide them with the purchasing power needed to freely cast their economic votes in the market place.
- KNOWLEDGE – 100 per cent literacy & school education, and vocational training for all new entrants to the workforce, to equip youth with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in an increasingly competitive world: adult education programmes to compensate working age school drop-outs for the lack of education, and continued investment in science and technology to improve productivity, quality of life and the environment.
- HEALTH – Expansion of the infrastructure for public health and medical care to ensure health for all.
- TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE – Continuous expansion of the physical infrastructure for rapid low-cost transportation and communication that is required for rapid economic growth and international competitiveness. Application of computers to improve access to knowledge and information, and increase in the speed, efficiency and convenience of activities in all fields of life.
- GLOBALISATION – Successful integration of India with world economy.
- GOOD GOVERNANCE – Farsighted and dynamic leadership to maximise national prosperity, individual freedom and social equity through responsive, transparent and accountable administration that removes all the bottlenecks to economic development.
- WORK VALUES – Activation of all these nodal points requires firm and determined adherence to high values, including prompt decision-making, disciplined execution, systematic implementation, finely tuned co-ordination, unceasing effort and endurance.
For more details go to the following link:
http://www.akhilesh.in/life/india/vision2020.php
To know what is India Vision 2020 go to the link:
http://www.indiavision2020.org/whatis_2020.html
If I will become the Chairwoman of the Planning Commission of India I will recommend lot more factors to make our mother nation a supernation.They are:
THE LIFE PROVIDERS
1. AGRICULTURE: India ranks second worldwide in farm output.This field is allied with several fields like forestry,fishing,logging, etc.But we have to make it number one.So I suggest the motivation of organic farming-which makes the mother nature also healthy and happy.Total banning of chemical pesticides,etc is also possible.Regular inspections also can be putforth.
THE ARISING SCHOLARS
2.EDUCATION : Mother India have a great background on educational systems from centuries ago.Nalanda University of Taxila was the first Universty established in the world.Such a background we have.But unfortunately othousands of people are not getting proper education.Majority of poor people are the victims.So I suggest more aided or Govt educational institutions throughout the country.Especially in villages special educational packages should be introduced.
3.ANTI-CORRUPTION CELLS:Within the circle of every Police Station a cell should be established.This will help a lot from various harrassments faced by the society.
AT INDIA'S SERVICES
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T Kiran Bedi was born on June 9, 1949. Her father Prakash Lal Peshawaria, a landlord in Punjab was determined to educate his four daughters at a time when women were largely limited to doing household tasks. She did her schooling from the Sacred Heart Convent School in Amritsar. She completed her graduation in the English language from the Government College for Women in Amritsar. She received her Masters degree in Political Science from Punjab University, Chandigarh. She continued her studies, even when she joined the Indian Police force. In the year 1988, she obtained a degree in Law (LLB) from Delhi University.
In the year 1993, the Department of Social Sciences, the Indian Institute of Technology in New Delhi awarded her with a Ph.D. degree. Her topic of research was Drug Abuse and Domestic Violence. Kiran Bedi has won the championship of all-India and all-Asian tennis competition. When she was 22 years old, she won the Asian Ladies Title.
While studying at the Sacred Heart Convent, Kiran joined the National Cadet Corps (NCC) and took up tennis, a game which her father used to play.
After school she went on to study Political Science at the Government College for Women, Amritsar. She loved the subject as she felt it taught her about her role as a citizen of the country.
hen they organized a joint reception paid from their combined earnings.”
Kiran excelled at sports particularly tennis. She won the inter-University women’s team title and bagged the national title as well as the Asian title in tennis. Bedi says the game taught her the value of hard work, the importance of staying fit and built in her the qualities of fair play, team work, concentration, and the ability to give in that extra bit under stress.
Kiran fell in love with Brij Bedi a fellow student and married him in 1972. This was also the year when Kiran was selected for the Indian Police Service (IPS).
Career:
Kiran bedi was the first woman police officer of Indian Police service.Spectators at the 1973 republic day Parade were amused to see a lady at the head of the Police Contigent.Then the Prime minister,Mrs Indira Gandhi was so impressed that she invited Kiran for breakfast with her the very next day. Her career started in the year 1970, when she took the job of a lecturer at Khalsa College for Women in Amritsar. Two years later, she joined the Indian Police Services. All the way through her career, she has taken up a number of challenging assignments. She has served as the Traffic Commissioner of New Delhi, Deputy Inspector General of Police in the insurgency prone area of Mizoram.
She has also been the Lieutenant Governor of Chandigarh and Director General of Narcotics Control Bureau. An interesting thing about Kiran Bedi is that, sometimes, she is referred to as Crane Bedi. The reason behind calling her by this name is that, she dragged the car of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi due to violation of parking rules.
Kiran Bedi made the Indian Police Service change its decision in matters related to traffic management, control over narcotics and VIP security. During her tenure as the Inspector General of Tihar Jail, she brought about several reforms in the way the prisons are managed. She brought forth a number of measures like yoga, meditation, redressal of complaints made by the prisoners etc.
Kiran Bedi laid the foundation for the establishment of two voluntary organizations, namely, Navajyoti (1988) & India Vision Foundation (1994). These organizations were primarily set up with the aim of improving the living conditions of the drug addicts and the underprivileged people. The effort of Kiran Bedi has paid and brought her worldwide recognition. Her works have always earned appreciation. For drug abuse prevention, her organization was presented with the Serge Soitiroff Memorial Award by the United Nations.
Career highlights:
- In 1977,she put an end to the Akali-Nirankari Sikh riots at India Gate.
- In 1979,as DCP,she broke up a 200 year old illict liquor trade.
- In 1981 as DCP (Traffic) she controlled traffic during the 1982 Asian Games efficiently. She didn’t hesitate to tow away cars and once even challaned the Prime Minister’s car for wrong parking near a car repair shop.
- In 1985, as DCP (headquarters) she ordered 1600 pending promotions to be made in a single day. Standing instructions were issued that if any file was not cleared within three days the person concerned would be called personally to explain the delay.
- In 1993, as the Inspector General of Asia’s biggest jail – the Tihar jail (9100 inmates including 300 women) she turned the unlivable jail into an abode of education. Said Kiran while joining her posting at the jail, “I want to transform this jail into an Ashram within six months”. She introduced many classes and programs for the inmates including those on basic education, meditation, yoga besides functions like mushairas, kavi sammelans, dramas and games, which involved the jail inmates. For her effort to humanize the Tihar jail she was honored with the 1994 Ramon Magsaysay Award.
- The eminent writer, Khushwant Singh, in one of his columns, With Malice Towards One And All described Kiran Bedi as “The gutsiest woman I have ever known”.
Not everyone loves this gutsy woman though. Kiran Bedi has been often criticized for being “media-hungry” and controversial. Often, she has been transferred out of offices for trying to turn things around. But despite these minor complaints, Kiran Bedi remains one of the most inspiring Indian public figures.
Awards
For her outstanding work, Kiran Bedi has received a number of accolades like:
- President’s Gallantry Award (1979)
- Women of the Year Award (1980)
- Asia Region Award for Drug Prevention and Control (1991)
- Magsaysay Award for Government Service (1994)
- Mahila Shiromani Award (1995)
- Father Machismo Humanitarian Award (1995)
- Lion of the Year (1995)
- Joseph Beuys Award (1997)
- Pride of India (1999)
- Mother Teresa Memorial National Award for Social Justice (2005)
She is an inspiration for the new generation.Through her attitude she reached where she deserves.She had faced a lot in her life.She overcame all the situations and now she is number one among the great Indian personalities of this century.Her attitude inspires me.I like her way of handling of situations of various kinds.Actually our mother India has to produce more Kiran Bedis.Lets hope that they too try to change the face of our mother nation.
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my great friend
- yes she is not only my mother,but lot more to me
“Who ran to help me when I fell,and would some pretty stories to tell or kiss the place to make it well? My mother!”-said by Ann & Jane Taylor.Yep,me too have the same opinion.My mother is the greatest inspiration of my life.Her faith & love shaped my character.She is my teacher,my guru,my friend.Not only to me but also to my sister.She forgives our mischieves,faults,etc.And her love for us is increasing day by day.Me and my sister are also very much attached to our father also.But we didn’t get that much inspiration from him.
Most of the vicssitudes in my life is because of my mom.She gave me maximum freedom at her to say whatever in this universe.And because of that my mom knows my personal interests.She supports me,encourages me,advices me,corrects me.She knows what I am.None other than her don’t knows that.
My mom is a teacher.Her subject is hstory&geography.Even,she doesn’t interfere my studies.She helps to collect more informations for paper presentation,helps to study in the exam point of view.She wished to make me an IAS officer.But I like medical profession from my childhood.So she allowed me to go through my way.Now I’m blogging as a medical student of amrita ayurveda medical college because of that.Now more help is from my father as he is an Ayurvedic Doctor.My mother allowed my sister too,to go through her own way.
I studied many things from my mom.Like how to behaviour in various occasions,etc.I will tell you an incidence as an example:Once we were going to a place which is far away from our place by bus.A big bustle was inside the bus.Some guy tied to make palaver among the ladies.My mom just looked at him & started shouting.He tried to escape from the bus.But the conductor of the bus caught him and gave him what he deserved.Those who were victims of that stupid guy’s palaver thanked my mom.That incidence was caught up in my mind.I thought,all those who suffered his palaver was silent and didn’t said anything or not even responded like what my mom did.Then ownwards I made a decision to respond in such kind of situations and I did many.
My mom taught me to see positive sides than negatives in every action.For that she says some quotations which I have given below:
*The impossible is often the untried.
*One who makes no mistakes never makes anything.
*Remember your yesterdays,dream your tomorrows,live your todays.
*As water reflects the face,so a man’s heart reflects the man.
*It is better to light a candle than to complain about the darkness.
These all words I remember everyday.And I tries to follow them maximum.
Everyday I call my mom and used to talk to her minimum fifteen minutes.Within that fifteen minutes we share our whole day experiences.She always says that she is living for me and my sister.She knows our level-what we are,how we are,etc.She is the guide of our life.I respect her most than anyother else.I love my mom.She has got a great place in my heart..My mom is GREAT.
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smoking kills
The effects of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly. There are approximately 4000 chemicals in cigarettes, hundreds of which are toxic. The ingredients in cigarettes affect everything from the internal functioning of organs to the efficiency of the body’s immune system. The effects of cigarette smoking are destructive and widespread.
Cigarette Smoke Chemical constituents
Carcinogenic
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
- N-nitrosaminous compounds
- Aromatic Amines
- Trace metals
Promoters
- Catechols
- Pyrenes
Co-carcinogens / Potentiators (not present in Cigarette smoke)
- Asbestos
- Alcohol
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Aromatic compounds that have rings which share at least one side are described as Fused-ring systems or Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. There are many PAHs in cigarette smoke including Benzo[a]pyrene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene and Benz[a]anthracene (see table).
These are reactive compounds that tend to form epoxides when metabolised becoming extremely genotoxic. They act as tumour initiators. Benzo[a]pyrene is a particularly good example of a cigarette smoke PAH which has been studied extensively. About 40 of it’s oxygenated metabolites have been isolated and characterised with at least one of them being a potent mutagen. The resulting epoxide metabolite, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide forms an adduct with DNA in mouse embryo cells, indicating that the diol-epoxide is the metabolic intermediate responsible for reacting with DNA.
N-nitrosamines
N-nitrosamines are formed by the nitrosation of amines. Cigarette smoke contains two major types of N-nitrosamines, Volatile N-nitrosamines (VNA) and Tobacoo Specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA). Practically all Volatile N-nitrosamines are retained by the respiratory system upon cigarette smoke inhalation. Typical cigarette smoke VNAs include N-nitrosdiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), both of which are classified as potent environmental carcinogens.
Studies of N-nitrosamines indicate that it is a metabolically activated carcinogen which disrupts DNA. The metabolic activation is brought about by the demethylating enzyme Cytochrome P-450 which requires NADPH and O2. The presence of alcohol seems to enhance N-nitrosamine metabolism to it’s carcinogenic metabolite. This would appear to indicate that alcohol potentiates the effects of N-nitrosamines as carcinogens and would explain the observed increased incidence of cancer of the oral cavity and oesophagus in smokers who also drink large amounts of alcohol.
Aromatic Amines
Epidemiological studies of dye workers have documented that certain aromatic amines such as 2-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl are human bladder carcinogens. 2-naphthylamine is converted to an N-hydroxy derivative metabolic intermediate, which is capable of forming adducts with guanine in nucleic acids.
Trace Metals
While it is generally felt that the quantities of Cadmium, Nickel, Arsenic and Polonium-210 found in cigarette smoke do not significantly contribute to an increased risk of lung cancer or other smoking-related cancers, their role as potentiators or co-factors has not been researched to-date in any great detail.
These metals tend to accumulate in the body and could possibly act as promoters in conjunction with carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Cadmium for instance (several forms of which are suspected carcinogens) is only present at concentrations of 50-100 ng in cigarette smoke but it has been suggested that a heavy smoker will retain up to 1.5 g of it per day leading to a lifetime accumulation of 0.5 mg.
The importance of Arsenic as a toxic component of cigarette smoke has diminished following the removal of Arsenic containing compounds from the list if recommended pesticides in the US for the control of hornworms on tobacco. This has resulted in a large decrease in the amount of Arsenic in tobacco and consequently cigarette smoke. A review by the International Agency for Cancer (IARC) suggested that arsenic compounds could potentially act as human skin carcinogens.
Nickel, classified as a suspected human carcinogen (IARC, 1986) is present in concentrations up to 80 ng in cigarette smoke (MS). Nickel has been shown to induce sarcomas by subcutaneous injection in laboratory animals. Nickel Subsulphide (Ni3S2) has been shown to have even greater potency, inducing a high rate of renal carcinomas in rats after exposure to only a single 5 mg dose (Intravenally injected).
Polonium-210, a radioactive material that emits -particles, accumulates at a higher rate in the parenchyma and bronchial mucosa of smokers. Studies on Syrian Golden Hamsters using multiple intratracheal instillations of Polonium-210 have revealed a dose-response relationship with bronchocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas in the respiratory system.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke is a cause of disease including lung cancer in healthy non-smokers.
- Children exposed to ETS (due to the fact that one or both of their parents were smokers) have an increased frequency of respiratory infections, increased respiratory problems and a slightly reduced rate of increase in lung function as they develop.
- The separation of smokers and non-smokers in the same airspace may result in reductions, but does not eliminate exposure of non-smokers to ETS.
Cigarette smoke can be categorised as either Mainstream smoke (MS) or Sidestream smoke (SS). ETS is derived mainly from SS which is qualitatively similar to MS. However, due to the lower temperature of formation of SS, it actually contains higher concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic agents than MS. Laboratory tests on animals have indicated that SS is more carcinogenic than MS. It must, however, also be borne in mind that while SS may be more toxic/carcinogenic, ETS is essentially a diluted form of SS so one cannot directly correlate the toxicity of SS to ETS.
ETS, like cigarette smoke, is undoubtedly a causative agent for a number of human diseases including various cancers and diseases of the respiratory tract aswell as middle ear infections in exposed children. Non-carcinogenic lung disease may be broken down into two major areas, disease of the lung airways (inflammation of the airways, increased bronchial mucus secretions,etc.) and disease of the lung parenchyma (alveolar tissue damage resulting in emphysema). Non-smokers exposed to ETS generally do not suffer from lung parenchyma disease unless they have a genetic predisposition to weakened lung tissue, however, disease of the lung airways can be induced by much smaller doses of cigarette smoke. With regard to Lung cancer, there is a tentative dose-response relationship which indicates that higher ETS exposure levels increases the risk of lung cancer but lower doses could also result in cancer.
Studies have been conducted on the effects of ETS on both children and adults. With regard to ETS, the main risk group is children and infants, particularly up to the age of 2 years.
Effects of ETS exposure on children
ETS exposure due to parental smoking, especially the mother’s, contributes to 150,000 to 300,000 cases annually of lower respiratory tract infection (pneumonia, bronchitis, and other infections) in infants and children under 18 months of age. ETS exposure is also associated with increased respiratory irritation (cough, phlegm production, and wheezing) and middle ear infections, as well as upper respiratory tract symptoms (sore throats and colds) in infants and children. Two other infant-specific conditions known to be linked to ETS exposure have been researched in recent times, these being middle ear infections (MEI) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is a significant cause of death in infants aged from 1 month to a year and studies have established a conclusive link between it’s occurrence and maternal smoking. Increased maternal smoking which results in increased ETS exposure to infants leads to a higher risk of SIDS independently of other confounding risk factors including low birth weight and low gestational age (both of which, incidentally are associated with maternal active smoking during pregnancy).
Effects of ETS exposure on adults
Estimates that ETS exposure causes 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually have been made. This is the primary area of risk associated with ETS exposure to adult non-smokers. The 1992 report by the EPA Respiratory Health Effects of Passive smoking: Lung Cancer and other Disorders classified ETS as a Group A carcinogen – a category reserved only for the most dangerous cancer-causing agents in humans. The risks of other cancers due to ETS exposure have not currently been evaluated in great detail at this stage but it seems likely that most cancers linked to cigarette smoking will be linked to ETS following suitable study. Other effects of ETS exposure in adults include chronic coughing, phlegm and wheezing; decreased pulmonary function (a 1980 report on 2100 adults found that the magnitude of the effects of ETS on pulmonary function was comparable to active smoking of 1 to 10 cigarettes per day) and bronchoconstriction.
Asthmatics appear to have a heightened sensitivity to ETS exposure, with studies showing 25% decreased lung function in asthmatics exposed in the laboratory to levels of ETS that had no effect on smokers.
Conclusions
Cigarette smoke appears to be one the main, preventable causes of disease in the modern world and it seems likely that conventional cigarette smoking will become increasingly restricted as public awareness of the effects of ETS increases and other dangers of smoking become more apparent. Cigarette smoking as a habit is also threatened by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which is currently contemplating reclassification of cigarettes as a drug delivery device, this would inevitably result in much tighter controls on cigarette sales. Environmental Tobacco Smoke exposure presents a definite health risk, particularly to young infants and high-risk groups (including groups with genetic predispositions to ETS exposure risk and workers dealing with materials such as asbestos which appears to potentiate the effects of carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and it is the responsibility of smokers to ensure that they do not provide unnecessary health hazards to non-smokers. It has so far been impossible to define a threshold level below which ETS or direct cigarette smoker exposure can be deemed safe and free from risks since it the whole concept of whether a carcinogen can possibly have a safe threshold level is currently under debate.
Cigarette smoking affects all parts of the body, including the digestive system. This is especially damaging because the digestive system processes the food we eat into substances that are needed for the body to function properly. Crohn’s Disease:
Smoking cigarettes has a negative effect on Crohn’s Disease. People who smoke, or who have smoked in the past, have been shown to have a higher risk of developing Crohn’s Disease than non-smokers. Crohn’s Disease patients that smoke have an increased number of relapses, repeat surgeries, and aggressive and immunosuppressive treatment. No one knows why smoking is so damaging to Crohn’s Disease. It is theorized that smoking may decrease blood flow to the intestines or trigger a response in the immune system. The risk of Crohn’s Disease does not reverse when a person stops smoking.
Heartburn
Heartburn can also be caused by smoking. A valve at the end of the esophagus normally keeps stomach acids from coming back up into the esophagus. This valve is weakened by smoking, allowing stomach acids to enter the esophagus and cause heartburn. Smoking also seems to harm the esophagus directly, which hinders its ability to resist damage. Additionally, smoking interferes with the movement of bile salts. Bile salts move from the intestine to the stomach. When this does not occur, the stomach acid becomes more acidic, and can further damage the esophagus.
Liver
Another organ in the digestive tract that is adversely affected by smoking is the liver. The liver is an important organ which filters toxins from the body. These toxins include medications and other drugs, and alcoholic beverages. The function of the liver may be hindered by cigarette smoke. When this happens, more medication is needed to achieve the desired effect on an illness or disease. Smoking can also aggravate existing liver disease caused by alcoholism.
Peptic Ulcer
A relationship between smoking and peptic ulcers has also been found. An ulcer is more likely, takes longer to heal, and is more often fatal in smokers than in nonsmokers. No one is certain about why this is so, but it could be due to the variety of effects smoking has on the digestive tract. Smoking decreases the amount of sodium bicarbonate produced by the pancreas. Without the sodium bicarbonate, stomach acid is not neutralized the in duodenum (first part of the small intestine). This could contribute to ulcers forming in the duodenum. Also, smoking may cause an increase in the amount of stomach acid that is flowing into the duodenum. Smoking Effects on the Human Body:
- Toxic ingredients in cigarette smoke travel throughout the body, causing damage in several different ways.
- Nicotine reaches the brain within 10 seconds after smoke is inhaled. It has been found in every part of the body and in breast milk.
- Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, preventing affected cells from carrying a full load of oxygen.
- Cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) in tobacco smoke damage important genes that control the growth of cells, causing them to grow abnormally or to reproduce too rapidly.
- The carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene binds to cells in the airways and major organs of smokers.
- Smoking affects the function of the immune system and may increase the risk for respiratory and other infections.
- There are several likely ways that cigarette smoke does its damage. One is oxidative stress that mutates DNA, promotes atherosclerosis, and leads to chronic lung injury. Oxidative stress is thought to be the general mechanism behind the aging process, contributing to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and COPD.
- The body produces antioxidants to help repair damaged cells. Smokers have lower levels of antioxidants in their blood than do nonsmokers.
- Smoking is associated with higher levels of chronic inflammation, another damaging process that may result in oxidative stress.
Cigarette smoke contains over 4,700 chemical compounds including 60 known carcinogens. No threshold level of exposure to cigarette smoke has been defined but there is conclusive evidence to indicate that long-term (years) smoking greatly increases the likelihood of developing numerous fatal conditions.
Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 85% of lung cancers and is also associated with cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney, ureter, bladder and colon. Cigarette smoking has also been linked to Leukaemia. Apart from the carcinogenic aspects of cigarette smoking, links to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (including stroke), sudden death, cardiac arrest, peripheral vascular disease and aortic aneurysm have also been established. Many components of Cigarette smoke have also been characterised as Ciliotoxic materials that irritate the lining of the respiratory system resulting in increased bronchial mucus secretion and chronic decreases in pulmonary and mucociliary function.
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Cigarette smoke itself may be broken down into two categories of smoke – Mainstream smoke (MS) and Sidestream smoke (SS). MS is that smoke which is inhaled by the smoker from the cigarette during a puff. SS is that smoke which is emitted by the burning cigarette between puffs. The chemical compositions of both types of smoke are qualitatively similar since they are both derived from burning tobacoo, however, there are some significant quantitative differences between MS and SS. The temperature at which MS is formed is much higher than the temperature at which SS is formed, since the smoker is actively inhaling from the cigarette during the generation of MS. A result of this is that SS contains larger quantities of many organic chemical compounds than MS. One study has tentatively suggested that SS may be more carcinogenic than MS at the same concentrations.
smoking was identified as a cause of lung cancer. This observation was based more on epidemiological data than specific scientific evidence that identified carcinogenic materials in cigarette smoke, however research in the last 30 years has confirmed the epidemiological observations made previously. ETS has become the latest aspect of cigarette smoking to come under regulation with the realisation that ETS does contribute to increased risk of lung cancer amongst exposed non-smokers. Most US states have legislation controlling or restricting smoking in public areas including restaurants. Many states have or are implementing complete bans on smoking in or within the vicinity of public areas, while many businesses have adopted non-smoking policies. In Ireland, legislation has not reached the same level, but it is inevitable and currently, the Public Health Act restricts smoking in public areas and on public transport services. The toxic substances
in cigarette smoke that cause cancer include Arsenic, Polonium, Benzene, and Cadmium. Other common toxins in cigarette smoke include Ammonia, Methanol, Carbon Monoxide, and Hydrogen Cyanide. Ammonia is corrosive and harms the lungs and hydrogen cyanide is poisonous for them. Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen availability for tissues. Methanol is a poison for the body. Cigarette smoke harms children’s lungs by causing asthma, their heart by gradual damage to blood vessels, and their oral cavity through cancer right in the middle of their formative years. It also badly yellows their teeth.
Examples of passive inhaling of cigarette smoke can include a parent smoking while driving a car in which his wife and non-smoking children are also travelling together. They can include smoking adults partying in the same hall as their children. Whatever the events, the issue is that children need to be especially protected from inhaling cigarette smoke and for that parents have a big responsibility thrust on them.
Preventing children from inhaling cigarette smoke consists by taking recourse to two alternative plans. Isolate the children is one way, but the more practicable is to isolate adult smokers from public non-smoking environments. Governments need to ensure strict compliance of laws that bans smoking in public places. Smokers can give vent to their bad habit in smokers’ only lobbies.
Conclusions
Smoking causes serious, and in the case of Crohn’s Disease, irreversible damage to the digestive tract. It’s estimated that 400,000 people die each year as a result of smoking cigarettes. These deaths, and the suffering that preceded them, are completely preventable.
- Smoking causes cancers in parts of the body (including the kidney, cervix, and bone marrow) that have not been previously linked to to smoking in this series of reports.
- Smoking diminishes health generally. Adverse health effects begin before birth and continue across the life span. Smoking also causes cataracts and contributes to the development of osteoporosis, thus increasing the risk for fracture in the elderly.
- During 1995-1999, smoking caused approximately 440,000 premature deaths in the United States annually, leading to 13.2 years of potential life lost for male smokers, and 14.5 years lost for female smokers.
- Changes in cigarettes that reduce machine yields of tar and nicotine have not had any clear benefits for public health.
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Four Major Conclusions of the 2004 Report:
- Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causing many diseases and reducing the health of smokers in general.
- Quitting smoking has immediate as well as long-term benefits, reducing risks for diseases caused by smoking and improving health in general.
- Smoking cigarettes with lower machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine provides no clear benefit to health.
- The list of diseases caused by smoking has been expanded to include abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, pneumonia, periodontitis, and stomach cancer. These are in addition to diseases previously known to be caused by smoking, including bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, and throat cancers, chronic lung diseases, coronary heart and cardiovascular diseases, as well as reproductive effects and sudden infant death syndrome.
The Health Consequences of Smoking Those who know about the grave risks that smoking poses to a smoker’s health would also be familiar with the health benefits of quitting this habit.
Cancer
Smoking can cause cancer of various parts of the body. Apart from the well known lung and oral cancers,, studies indicate that smokers also face a risk of developing cancers
of the oesophagus (gullet), bladder, kidney, pancreas, cervix, and the stomach..Some studies have also linked breast cancer with both active and passive smoking. Further, there is an increased risk of adult smokers developing myeloid leukemia, and progressive lung diseases
like emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Another major cancer that confronts a smoker is that of the liver. Studies have found out that the risk increases with duration of smoking or number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, an IARC review concluded that there was no causal relationship between smoking and liver cancer.
Heart Diseases
A smoker is also at an increased risk of developing peripheral vascular (a narrowing of blood vessels that carry blood to arm and leg muscles) and cerebrovasular diseases (that can cause strokes). Smokers also face an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease which can cause sudden cardiac arrest.
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
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I think one of the main reasons it’s so hard to quit smoking is because all the benefits of quitting and all the dangers of continuing seem very far away. Well, here’s a little timeline about some of the more immediate effects of quitting smoking and how that will affect your body RIGHT NOW.
- In 20 minutes your blood pressure will drop back down to normal.
- In 8 hours the carbon monoxide (a toxic gas) levels in your blood stream will drop by half, and oxygen levels will return to normal.
- In 48 hours your chance of having a heart attack will have decreased. All nicotine will have left your body. Your sense of taste and smell will return to a normal level.
- In 72 hours your bronchial tubes will relax, and your energy levels will increase.
- In 2 weeks your circulation will increase, and it will continue to improve for the next 10 weeks.
- In three to nine months coughs, wheezing and breathing problems will dissipate as your lung capacity improves by 10%.
- In 1 year your risk of having a heart attack will have dropped by half.
- In 5 years your risk of having a stroke returns to that of a non-smoker.
- In 10 years your risk of lung cancer will have returned to that of a non-smoker.
- In 15 years your risk of heart attack will have returned to that of a non-smoker.
So, you have more immediate things to look forward to if you quit now besides just freaking out about not being able to smoke. Quit now!
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After smoking cessation you are very likely to start facing some problems, which will make the relapse happen after you stop smoking. These symptoms could be headache, insomnia, irritation, drowsiness, cough and the biggest of all- weight gain. Other than weight gain, all the problems are temporary and will vanish after some time. Some of them are even good signs. As for weight gain, you must start exercising and be careful about your diet. This will help you get rid of this side effect also. Some people are so scared of these minor side effects of stopping smoking that they decide never to quit just because of them. They are not aware that what actually there body is going through because of smoking. The ill effects of smoking are major and have effects on heart and lungs. So, how could you be scared of minor side effects of quitting smoking .
All of you must concentrate on side effects of smoking rather than those of giving up smoking. This will help you quit cigarette and experience benefits of quitting cigarette. |
| Everyone in this world, including smokers, knows about the ill effects of smoking. In spite of that, smokers find it difficult to stop smoking permanently. Nicotine is a chemical substance found in tobacco, and is highly addictive in nature.
Your way of life changes when you give up smoking. The fact is that the body cannot accept the change. The reason is that body has become addicted to Nicotine.
. You can give up smoking in a comfortable manner. There is an question which comes to your mind. The question is how can you give up smoking? The first step is to make up your mind. You need to live up to the commitment. It is, in fact, not easy to give up smoking. You have to be highly committed. You should note down some valid reasons to quit smoking. You should keep this list with you 7 days a week. You should see the list when you get the urge to smoke. The end result will be that you will be able to keep away from cigarettes. should ask family and friends for their support. Support will give you a strong determination. The doctor can provide you hot line numbers and self help material. You can enroll for quit smoking programs. Good quit smoking programs will cover all things necessary for you to quit smoking. You can seek alternative methods. You can use nicotine replacement products. These products are not addictive. These products will give you same kick that Nicotine does. These products are very effective. The biggest advantage of these products is that their results are permanent. Control your temptations even when you want to smoke badly. You need to increase your will power. It is only you that can make it all happen. There is an important saying—Those who stand for nothing fall for nothing. You have to remember this wise saying. You will not die if you quit smoking. You can have minor weight gain in the beginning. This is not a big deal. It is worth giving up smoking for minor weight gain. You can have problems in concentration in the beginning. You may feel uncomfortable in the beginning but this thing should not come in between. These temptations are part of the game. With time, you can lead healthy and better life. |
The attempt to quit smoking will touch every aspect of your life and improve it. We all expect our health to improve, but that is just the beginning of this wonderful journey. The positives listed in this article were collected from people who have recently quit. The return on our efforts to kick the habit far outweigh the work it takes to achieve this goal.
Approximately 70% of smokers report that they want to quit. Developing effective strategies to stop and maintain abstinence from smoking is the primary goal of every quit smoking program.
Five Keys for Quitting
1) Get ready.
- Set a quit date and stick to it – don’t indulge in even a single puff.
- Get rid of all cigarettes and ashtrays in your home, car or workplace.
- Think about past quit attempts. What worked and what didn’t?
2)
Get support and encouragement.
- Tell your family, friends and coworkers you are quitting.
- Talk to your doctor or other health care provider.
- Get group, individual or telephone counseling.
3) Stay in non-smoking areas.
- Learn new skills and behaviors.
- When you first try to quit, change your routine.
- Reduce stress.
- Distract yourself from urges to smoke.
- Plan something enjoyable to do every day.
- Drink a lot of water and other fluids.
- Breathe in deeply when you feel the urge to smoke.
- Reward yourself often.
4) Get medication and use it correctly.
- Talk with your health care provider about which medication will work best for you: Bupropion SR (available by prescription); nicotine gum (available over-the-counter); nicotine inhaler (available by prescription); nicotine nasal spray (available by prescription); or nicotine patch
(available over-the-counter).
5) Be prepared for relapse or difficult situations.
- Avoid alcohol.
- Be careful around other smokers.
- Improve your mood in ways other than smoking.
- Eat a healthy diet and stay physically active.
SMOKING TEENAGE!
| It becomes a frightening situation for you in case you find that your child is addicted to smoking cigarettes. You have realized the bad effects of smoking as an adult. As a teenager, your child may not be able to realize the same thing. As an adult, you find it extremely distressing that your teenaged child is smoking.
The fact of the matter is that you do not want any thing bad to happen to your teen age child, and want that the child quit smoking. You are aware of the fact that your child has picked up one of the worst habits. Do not pressurize, try to give advice or punish the child. Think of dealing with the entire situation in a strategic and calm manner. It is going to have a very negative impact on the child if you scream and shout. This will tend to demoralize the child and put him or her on the defensive. As a consequence it may become more difficult for the child to quit smoking. Teens of every generation have always felt that their parents do not understand them. As a parent you need to understand the position of your child and deal with the child on a psychological level. In some situations, punishment may be necessary for your child. One particular situation is when you cannot accept that your child smokes at home. You need to firmly lay down the law but at the same time treat the child politely. Undue force will lead your child into trouble. The child is bound to become rebellious. The primary thing is to talk to your child. Tell him the reasons and harmful effects of smoking. The main reason for teenage smoking is that teens do not realize the harmful effects of smoking. Tactfully, take your teenager to a smoker who has suffered on account if the habit. Teenagers tend to live for the moment and do not think about the effect of their actions on the future. As a parent it is up to you to convince your child to quit smoking, without having to get mad or unduly harsh. You should do this in a patient manner. This is the first obstacle you need to overcome. The next thing is to give your teen the necessary support to stop smoking. You need to assure your teen that the right time to quit is now. Tomorrow it may be too late. Teens often cannot stop smoking once they are truly addicted. You have to remove this wrong impression from the mind of your child that smoking can be given up at will. In case you were not a smoker yourself, it may be difficult to convince your child to quit. In such a situation, it is better to take counseling support. It is better to talk to the pastor of your church or a teacher from school. Be consistent with your child and let him or her face the challenge. Control your anger. Give your child a hug. Shower love and confidence on your child. |
| Benefits Of Quitting Smoking If one gives up the habit of smoking, the above mentioned health risks can be significantly minimized. One can lead an extremely healthy, risk free life with fewer illnesses. Life of course is bound to end but it will not be on account of a smoking-related illness. Giving up smoking will make one less conspicuous because the funny smell which comes from a smoker will go away. Premature wrinkles, yellow fingernails and hair, stained teeth all tell tale signs, will go away, when one quits smoking. A reformed smoker will be confident and will smile more often. Pregnant mothers who quit smoking will minimize the risks of miscarriage, SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), or low-birth weight babies. Their child will be born without the presence of nicotine in the blood stream and will not become prone to serious chronic life-long disabilities like asthma, cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Looking at the balance sheet, the advantages of quitting up more than outweigh the momentary pleasure of lighting up. If you are a smoker, it is time you thought of reforming this habit and staying away from the killer weed. Smoking is not the only way you can get lung cancer. Suffering from mesothelioma lung cancer? If so you may want to get in contact with asbestos lawyers to help you get what you deserve.. To get more information about a mesothelioma attorney, the net can be a great resource. |
Tobaco free youth
Keep trying:
Keep trying.many ex-smokers didn’t succeed at first,but they kept trying.The first few days after stopping will probably be the hardest.Show yourself and to the others who you are.Life is too good and too short to waste on that filthy habit!
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